Essay reviews

Anaximander versus Anaximenes
Frege’s distinction between sense and reference
Why be moral?
Must God be a realist?
Protagoras: man is the measure of all things
How do you know that the author of these words has a mind?
Heraclitus: you never step into the same river twice
Metaphysics – its methods and subject matter
My values are objective because they are mine
10 Milesian philosophers on the primary substance
11 Xenophanes on the limits of human knowledge
12 Why must others count in my deliberations?
13 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
14 Anti-realism and Holocaust denial
15 The significance of scepticism
16 Kant’s refutation of idealism
17 Kant’s refutation of idealism (2)
18 ‘All things have a portion of everything’ – Anaxagoras
19 Philosophical development of the Milesian school
20 Are we always the best authority on our own mental states?
21 Freedom of the will
22 Parmenides’ vision of the nature of reality
23 The truth of ‘snow is white’
24 Is it rational to fear death?
25 Why the earth stays where it is etc.
26 Progression in Milesian thought
27 Subjectivist vs objectivist accounts of moral judgement
28 Counterfactualism in history
29 Milesian philosophers on the primary substance
30 Abstract and concrete objects
31 Does ‘moral’ imply ‘disinterested’?
32 Why be moral?
33 Why is the objective reality of the world in doubt?
34 Essays on Berkeley and on the fear of death
35 Thought about objects and the nature of concepts
36 Criteria for the identity of a person over time
37 Problems for materialism and the nature of space
38 Russell’s theory of descriptions
39 Zombies and philosophy
40 Pythagoras: numbers and reality
41 On necessity, happiness and freedom
42 Xenophanes’ reflections on the limits of human knowledge
43 Essay on ‘I’
44 Our moral obligations to animals
45 Essays on scepticism and morals
46 The transcendental deduction
47 Can the solipsist be refuted?
48 Why be moral?
49 Harm principle in the 21st century
50 Significance of scepticism
51 Milesian philosophers on the primary substance
52 Philosophical dialogue on egocentric subjectivism
53 Mind-body problem and the nature of philosophy
54 Protagoras: man is the measure of all things
55 Identity and the mind-body problem
56 Does thought entail possession of language?
57 Significance of philosophical scepticism
58 Identity and the mind-body problem
59 Free will and determinism
60 Determinism and free will
61 Wittgenstein’s sign ‘S’
62 Determinism, indeterminism and free will
63 Realism, anti-realism and the reality principle
64 Must justice result in war and violence?
65 Anaxagoras and Hegel: the universal mind
66 On solipsism
67 Fear of death and the nature of the self
68 Defending metaphysics against Hume
69 Dialogue between scientist, priest and philosopher (2)
70 Dialogue between scientist, priest and philosopher (1)
71 Truth conditional semantics of vague predicates
72 Analysing talk of ‘the will’
73 ‘No-one really perceives a tree’
74 Significance of philosophical scepticism
75 Empedocles’ contribution to philosophy
76 Dummett’s argument for an anti-realist theory of meaning
77 Our moral obligations to non-human animals
78 Frege’s distinction between sense and reference
79 Can a zombie be an epiphenomenalist?
80 Private language and why language matters to philosophy
81 Philosophical significance of the paradox of the heap
82 My unique place as a self-conscious subject in the world
83 Is morality subjective or objective?
84 In defence of men
85 Narrative and and storytelling in identity constructing
86 Definition of identity and the mind-body problem
87 Counting others unequally in one’s deliberations
88 ‘The world is my world’ and solipsism
89 The case against science
90 Hume on the self
91 The mind-body difficulty
92 On the existence of qualia
93 Knowledge and scepticism – and war
94 All elephants are small elephants
95 On atoms and the void
96 Xenophanes on the limits of human knowledge
97 Parmenides’ argument for ‘It is’
98 Free will, determinism and indeterminism
99 Is it rational to fear death?
100 Are possible worlds really real?
101 Values and the idea of a ‘unique valuational perspective’
102 Dummett’s argument for a global anti-realist theory of meaning
103 Analyzing talk of ‘the will’
104 Milesian philosophers on the nature of the primary substance
105 Anti-realism and inventing our own reality
106 On the notion of qualia
107 Parmenides’ argument for ‘It is’
108 Descartes’ argument for dualism in the 6th Meditation
109 Wittgenstein’s Tractatus: proposition 4.04
110 Qualia and the private language argument
111 Criteria for personal identity over time
112 Xenophanes’ concept of God
113 ‘Snow is white’ is true if and only if snow is white
114 John Searle and the mind-body problem
115 Can the solipsist be refuted?
116 Does thought entail possession of language?
117 Pythagorean theory of reincarnation
118 Exploring the pre-philosophical idea of the soul
119 Fichte and human agency
120 Anti-realism and the idea that ‘reality’ is our own invention
121 Kant’s metaphysics: the end of the road?
122 Is the fear of death irrational?
123 Berkeley’s Dialogues: the problem of mind
124 ‘A computer can think and act but it cannot WILL’
125 Moral judgement and the marks of truth
126 Sources of metaphysics in Presocratic philosophy
127 Catherine Macaulay and feminism
128 Wittgenstein on sensation ‘S’
129 Where do values come from?
130 Wittgenstein: the world is MY world
131 Speculations about the soul, brain and consciousness
132 Does ‘moral’ imply ‘disinterested’?
133 Is it reasonable to fear death?
134 Free will, determinism and indeterminism
135 The best is the enemy of the good
136 R.M. Hare’s preference utilitarianism
137 Irrationality, John Locke and the twin towers
138 The meaning of ‘I am David G.’
139 The description theory of proper names
140 Are animals members of the moral community?
141 Anaximander versus Anaximenes
142 Anti-realism and the truth about the Holocaust
143 Implications of the private language argument
144 ‘Snow is white’ is true if and only if snow is white
145 Two essays on truth
146 Socrates: ‘no-one ever does wrong knowingly’
147 ‘Snow is white’ is true if and only if snow is white
148 What is truth?
149 Hume on tragedy
150 Rejecting egocentric subjectivism
151 Descartes’ argument for mind-body dualism
152 Wittgenstein: ‘The world is MY world’
153 Essay on space
154 Implications of the private language argument
155 Indispensability of proper names
156 What is metaphysics?
157 Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes on the primary substance
158 Realism, anti-realism and immaterialism
159 Descartes’ case for doubt
160 What’s in a name?
161 Berkeley’s arguments against the existence of material objects
162 Zeno’s paradox of the arrow
163 Truth, realism and anti-realism
164 Personal identity and body duplication
165 Rawls on the foundations of the liberal state
166 Free will and the justification of punishment
167 Anti-realism and Orwell’s 1984
168 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
169 Catherine Macaulay’s philosophy of education
170 Proper names and reference failure
171 Dummett’s idea of an anti-realist theory of meaning
172 Pythagorean reincarnation theory and personal identity
173 What is it like to be a dog?
174 Foundationalism in Descartes
175 Progression in the thought of the Milesian philosophers
176 Unamuno’s ‘Tragic Sense of Life’
177 Kant’s First Antinomy
178 Merleau-Ponty vs. Husserl on other minds
179 Subjectivist vs. objectivist accounts of moral judgement
180 Berkeley’s arguments against material objects
181 Can non-human animals or machines be conscious?
182 Moral dialogue takes place between an ‘I’ and a ‘thou’
183 Existence of ‘I’ and the question of solipsism
184 Pythagoras on reincarnation
185 Significance of philosophical scepticism
186 Is it rational to fear death?
187 Anti-realism and historical truth
188 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
189 Descartes’ argument for scepticism in the 1st Meditation
190 Philosophical significance of zombies
191 Why others must count in my deliberations
192 Russell’s theory of descriptions
193 Essay on ‘snow is white’
194 Rationality of the fear of death
195 Possible worlds and counterfactuals
196 Immaterialism, anti-realism and the existence of matter
197 Dialogue between scientist, priest and philosopher
198 Merleau-Ponty’s critique of Hume
199 Descartes’ argument from the idea of God
200 Descartes’ dreaming hypothesis in 1st Meditation
201 Essay on Hume’s Fork
202 Philosophy of space
203 Return of the solipsist
204 Dr Johnson and the stone
205 Mind and body in Descartes’ 2nd Meditation
206 The ‘world’ of the solipsist
207 Realism vs. anti-realism and the Holocaust
208 Must God be a realist?
209 Zombies in philosophy
210 Plato and Sartre on moral dilemmas
211 Private language argument and Zeno’s paradox
212 Anti-realism and the Holocaust
213 Kant’s refutation of idealism
214 Dreaming scenario vs. the evil demon
215 Does an objective reality exist?
216 Analysing the concept of ‘concept’
217 Heraclitus: according to the Logos ‘all things are one’
218 ‘No-one ever does wrong knowingly’
219 Why be moral?
220 Bradley’s dialectic of self-assertion and self-sacrifice
221 What do Zeno’s paradoxes tell us about motion?
222 Are we the best authority on our own mental states?
223 UK govt proposal to ban the use of the verb ‘to know’
224 My subjective world can never die…
225 Catherine Macaulay on sympathy, reason and virtue
226 Significance of Quine’s ontological relativity
227 Plato on love
228 Why must others count in my deliberations?
229 Determinism, indeterminism and free will
230 Does ‘moral’ imply ‘disinterested’? (2)
231 Does ‘moral’ imply ‘disinterested’? (1)
232 Sense datum theory and the reality principle
233 Heidegger contra Descartes
234 Plato on knowledge and false belief
235 Parmenides on the nature of ‘what is’
236 Plato on poetry and art
237 Hume on the self and personal identity
238 Mill’s ‘On Liberty’ and the ethics of dialogue
239 Our moral obligations towards non-human animals
240 Implications of Kreisel’s dictum for moral ‘objects’
241 Plato on knowledge and perception in Theaetetus
242 Wittgenstein on nominalism
243 Looking for loopholes in the argument against free will
244 Neurobiological perspective on weakness of will
245 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
246 Why be moral?
247 Criteria for personal identity over time
248 Socratic paradox and weakness of the will
249 The case for an ethics of dialogue
250 Anaxagoras: all things have a portion of everything
251 Plato and the form of Beauty
252 What did Dr Johnson prove by kicking the stone?
253 Mind-body problem and the definition of identity
254 Merleau-Ponty’s critique of Descartes’ cogito
255 Defining the problem of solipsism
256 Making sense of time
257 Is knowledge justified true belief?
258 Metaphysics: its methods and subject matter
259 Nietzsche and Bergson compared
260 Mind-body problem and the concept of identity
261 Are possible worlds really real?
262 Marcus Aurelius and melancholy
263 How do you know the author of these words has a mind?
264 Leucippus and Democritus on atoms and the void
265 Descartes’ argument in the 6th Meditation
266 Does thought precede language?
267 Descartes and the problem of mind-body interaction
268 Hume on personal identity
269 Review of Naive Metaphysics
270 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
271 What is the mind-body problem?
272 Zeno’s paradox of Achilles and the tortoise
273 Xenophanes on the limits of human knowledge
274 Thomas Nagel and point of view
275 Difference between a solipsist and a psychopath
276 Is it rational to fear death?
277 Can solipsism be refuted?
278 Metaphysical atomism of Leucippus and Democritus
279 Meaning of ‘I am GK’
280 Aristotle’s concept of mimesis
281 Our moral obligations to brute animals
282 Scepticism, possible worlds and brains in vats
283 Concrete, abstract, possible and actual objects
284 Plato on divine madness
285 Against the argument from design
286 Presocratic philosophers on why the earth stands still
287 Perception and the limits of human knowledge
288 ‘No-one ever really perceives a tree’
289 Wittgenstein on family resemblances
290 Theory of subjective and objective worlds
291 Visual experience and the argument from illusion
292 Locke’s argument against innate speculative principles
293 Essay on Plato’s theory of forms
294 Hempel’s paradox of the ravens
295 Hume and Feagin on tragedy
296 Objection to the coherentist account of knowledge
297 Heraclitus on the unity of opposites
298 Plato on the soul, and Hume on tragedy
299 Scepticism: self-refuting or a contribution to knowledge?
300 Ethics of dialogue: consciousness vs linguistic ability
301 Kant’s refutation of idealism
302 Nozick vs Williams: the Wilt Chamberlain example
303 Moral dilemmas and utilitarianism
304 Qualia and Wittgenstein’s private language argument
305 Refutation of solipsism, and the nature of concepts
306 ‘Is knowledge justified true belief?’ and brains in vats
307 Parmenides: following the path of ‘It is not’
308 Plato’s answer to Meno’s paradox
309 Essays on Descartes and Heraclitus
310 Scientist, priest and philosopher discuss the ‘soul’
311 Proposed UK legislation banning the verb ‘to know’
312 Essay on Popper: must good science be falsifiable?
313 Problem cases for personal identity
314 Strawson vs Descartes: ‘no entity without identity’
315 Analysis of ‘Sherlock Holmes does not exist’
316 Heidegger on Befindlichkeit
317 The disjunctivist view of perception
318 Moral disagreement and moral knowledge
319 Implications of the private language argument
320 Essays on Heraclitus, Descartes and Parmenides
321 Third man argument in Plato’s Parmenides
322 Descartes argument for scepticism in the 1st Meditation
323 Argument for foundationalism in epistemology
324 Moral deliberation and the slippery slope
325 Sense data and metaphysics of the reality principle
326 What did Berkeley prove by kicking the stone?
327 Descartes on the incorrigibility of mental events
328 Essay on scepticism and intuition
329 Free will and the justification for punishment
330 Is it rational to fear death?
331 Hume’s challenge to moral statements
332 G.E.M. Anscombe on singular causation
333 Truth conditions and metaphysics
334 Materialism vs immaterialism and the role of physics
335 Essays on concepts and truth conditions
336 Williams’ body-swap thought experiment
337 Objects, objectivity and ethics
338 Wittgenstein on sensation ‘S’
339 Gorgias ‘On What Is Not’
340 Anti-realism and the idea of truth as a ‘target’
341 The nature of concepts and conceptual schemes
342 Michael Dummett on anti-realist theory of meaning
343 Determinism, indeterminism and free will
344 Quine’s ontological relativity and the nature of concepts
345 Is it rational to fear death?
346 ‘No-one ever REALLY perceives a tree’
347 Anatomy of the egocentric subjectivist
348 Why be moral?
349 Spinoza and Einstein: in search of god
350 ‘Snow is white’ is true if and only if snow is white
351 Can emotivism make sense of moral judgements?
352 Descartes’ proof of God, and Hume’s bundle theory
353 Locke on personal identity
354 Notes on vagueness, and essay on private language
355 Defending the idea of sense data
356 Locke on primary and secondary qualities
357 Hume on ideas and impressions, and brains in vats
358 Why be moral?
359 Searching for the soul – the inner life?
360 Hempel’s deductive-nomological model of explanation
361 Kant’s argument for the necessary unity of space
362 Philosophical problem of weakness of the will
363 Justifying the law of excluded middle
364 Philosophy of language: words and world
365 Parallels between theories of space and theories of time
366 Parmenides’ argument for the proposition ‘It is’
367 Strawson on freedom and resentment
368 Berkeley’s argument against material objects
369 Gettier on knowledge as justified true belief
370 Descartes’ proof of God in the 3rd Meditation
371 Parmenides: why we cannot follow the path of ‘it is not’
372 Is knowledge justified true belief?
373 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus proposition 4.04
374 Descartes’ argument for scepticism in First Meditation
375 How does space pose a problem for philosophy?
376 Paradox that no-one ever does wrong knowingly
377 Kant’s 2nd refutation of idealism
378 Are possible worlds really real?
379 Locke on personal identity
380 Regress problem and foundationalism vs coherentism
381 Descartes: being deceived about 2+3=5
382 Free will and the justification for blame and punishment
383 What do Zeno’s paradoxes show about motion?
384 Xenophanes: God in religion and in philosophy
385 Why be moral?
386 Do oysters experience qualia?
387 Does ‘A knows that P’ entail that P is true?
388 Frege’s puzzle about identity
389 Why must others count in my deliberations?
390 Can truth be defined?
391 On a proposed new definition of knowledge
392 Heraclitus and the unity of opposites
393 Defining truth by a majority vote
394 Significance of philosophical scepticism
395 Possible worlds and the problem of other minds
396 Epistemology and the closure principle
397 Substituting ‘Cicero’ for ‘Tully’ in statements of belief
398 Free will problem and the justification for punishment
399 Hilary Putnam and brains in vats
400 Musical perception and the nature of consciousness
401 Metaphor and knowledge in literature
402 Objections to knowledge as justified true belief
403 Primary and secondary qualities and Descartes’ case for doubt
404 Fatalism and determinism compared
405 Descartes’ argument that mind and body are distinct substaces
406 ‘The solipsist’s world has no more substance than a dream’
407 Aristotle on akrasia and Moore’s ‘open question’ argument
408 On a criticism of the coherentist theory of knowledge
409 What kind of freedom is worth fighting for?
410 Aristotle on the mean and the pursuit of happiness
411 How do you know the author of these words has a mind?
412 P.F. Strawson’s criticisms of Cartesian dualism
413 Brain in a vat argument for scepticism
414 Difference between perception and introspection
415 Why Descartes needs to prove God’s Existence
416 Implications of the private language argument
417 Personal identity and replacement by a superior copy
418 Scepticism and Nozick’s truth tracking definition of knowledge
419 Anti-realism and altering the historical ‘facts’
420 What holds the world up?
421 Speculating whether what you see as red I see as green
422 Leibniz’s theory of monads
423 The challenge for physicalism of J.S. Bach’s Vollbracht aria
424 Descartes ‘I am a thinking thing’
425 Knowledge and having good reasons for one’s beliefs
426 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
427 Morality of pre-emptive attacks and preventive war
428 The Logos of Heraclitus
429 Essays on free will, qualia and spectrum inversion
430 Free will incompatible with determinism and indeterminism
431 Difficulties in the way of a materialist view of the mind
432 Philosophical significance of the paradox of the Heap
433 Science versus myth: the relevance of Thales
434 Materialism vs immaterialism and the role of physics
435 Why must others count in my deliberations?
436 Analysing talk of ‘the will’ from a philosophical standpoint
437 Aristotle’s case for the priority of substance
438 Essay on Aristotle’s four ’causes’
439 Role of Aristotle’s God – the unmoved mover
440 Interactionist dualism versus epiphenomenal dualism
441 Do possible worlds account for our notion of possibility
442 Locke on primary and secondary qualities
443 Reasons for Leibniz’s theory of monads
444 The Shoah and the problem of evil
445 Should we get rid of the concept of personal identity?
446 Heraclitus: we never step into the same river twice
447 Essays on Heraclitus, testimony and tomatoes
448 Locke on the identity of ‘person’ and ‘human being’
449 Can truth be defined?
450 Berkeley’s and Descartes’ arguments for God’s existence
451 What would it take to justify the law of excluded middle?
452 Ethics based on the idea that everyone lives every life
453 Kant’s categorical imperative and the golden rule
454 Spinoza’s proof of the existence of God as the sole substance
455 Essays on seeing a red tomato, Parmenides, and the Phaedo
456 What it means to say that an expression is a logical constant
457 Tracing a path from the mental to the physical
458 Empedocles’ response to Parmenides
459 Strawson on why Cartesian soul violates the concept of identity
460 Existential inquiry into the possibility of knowledge
461 Heraclitus: we cannot step into the same river twice
462 Criticism of the sense datum theory of perception (2)
463 Criticism of the sense datum theory of perception
464 Is it rational to fear death?
465 Defining truth in terms of human agreement
466 Perception and the nature and limits of knowledge
467 Zeno’s paradox of infinite divisibility
468 Idealism and the nature of metaphysics
469 Theology and the idea of an impotent God
470 Does Descartes succeed in proving that God exists?
471 Can truth be defined?
472 Kripke on Wittgenstein on rules and private language
473 Free will, determinism and cognitive impairment
474 Accounting for my unique place as self-conscious subject
475 Heraclitus on the logos and change and Zeno on motion
476 Mind-body problem and the definition of identity
477 Mind as extended: Descartes’ response to Arnaud
478 Free will and the justification for punishment
479 Iris Murdoch and the inner life
480 Determinism, free will and moral responsibility
481 Berkeley: to exist is to perceive or to be perceived
482 Difference between a solipsist and a psychopath
483 Heraclitus on the logos and the unity of opposites
484 Descartes Meditation 1: the case for universal doubt
485 The redundancy theory of truth
486 Why be moral?
487 Where does goodness come from?
488 Descartes and the malicious demon
489 Is a rational belief the same as a reliable belief?
490 David Hume’s two definitions of ’cause’
491 Bernard Williams on the idea of equality
492 Coherentism, reliabilism, internalism, externalism
493 Why be moral?
494 Berkeley: to exist is to perceive or to be perceived
495 Truth of moral judgements and the limits of ethics
496 Could a computer be capable of an act of will?
497 Argument for universal doubt in Descartes 1st Meditation
498 Kant’s second ‘Refutation of Idealism’
499 Berkeley on abstract ideas and unperceived objects
500 Thought experiment of human body replacement
501 Is it rational to fear death?
502 Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities
503 Nietzsche: on truth and lies in a nonmoral sense
504 Why should I be moral?
505 Susan Feagin on why we enjoy tragedy
506 Functionalist view of the mind and Arnaud’s objection
507 How do you know that the author of these words has a mind?
508 Hedonism as a theory of values
509 Locke’s attack on innate ideas and innate knowledge
510 Determinism as a defence
511 Free will incompatible with determinism and indeterminism
512 Perception and the nature and limits of knowledge
513 Plato’s analogy in the Republic between health and justice
514 Semantics of indicative and counterfactual conditionals
515 Aesthetic judgements and the emotions
516 Defining the logical constants
517 Spinoza’s account of the relation between mind and body
518 Could you exchange bodies with someone else?
519 Descartes and the malicious demon
520 Coherentist theory of epistemic justification
521 Hume on why we enjoy tragedy
522 Strawson’s argument in ‘Freedom and Resentment’
523 Making morality work
524 Hume on the continued and distinct existence of objects
525 Milesian progression in the idea of primary substance
526 Spinoza on human freedom
527 The cluster of descriptions theory of proper names
528 Why be moral?
529 Strawson’s critique of Cartesian mind-body dualism
530 ‘Snow is white’ is true if and only if snow is white
531 Does ‘S knows that P’ entail the truth of P?
532 Dialogue on moral relativity
533 Descartes’ argument for doubt in the First Meditation
534 Causal explanation in ethics and nature of moral education
535 Space, time and gravitation after Einstein
536 Other minds and the challenge of solipsism
537 Is justified true belief the same as knowledge?
538 Scientific method: indisputable truth or real hoax?
539 Frege’s puzzle about identity
540 The challenge of moral dilemmas
541 Locke’s account of persons and their identity
542 Why be moral?
543 Consequences of rejecting qualia
544 Zombies in philosophy and Wittgenstein’s Blue Book
545 Does pragmatism subvert the fight against corruption?
546 Accounting for the truth of ‘Santa Claus does not exist
547 Leibniz’s account of the relation between soul and body
548 The disjunctivist account of perception
549 Criticism of the coherentist theory of knowledge
550 The road to analytic philosophy
551 Essay on carers and society
552 Attempting to justify the law of excluded middle
553 Dialectic of self-assertion and self-sacrifice
554 Deflationist account of the predicate ‘true’
555 Free will incompatible with determinism and indeterminism
556 Making the distinction between science and non-science
557 Can a belief be justified but false?
558 Defence of Locke’s view on real and nominal essences
559 Abstract and concrete, time and motion
560 Deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation
561 Moral dilemmas and Mill’s principle of utility
562 The ‘hard’ problem of consciousness revisited
563 Franz Rosenzweig on death and redemption
564 Hume’s argument against a substantial self or soul
565 Schopenhauer on human freedom
566 Can you know you are not a brain in a vat?
567 Reasons for not opting for the best consequences
568 Are zombies conceivable?
569 Counterexample to Russell’s theory of descriptionss?
570 Nature of metaphysics and the problem of evil
571 Prospects for an infinitist theory of knowledge
572 Can you know you are not a brain in a vat?
573 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
574 The ‘hard’ problem of consciousness
575 The importance of individuality in Mill’s On Liberty
576 Problems for Plato’s theory of Forms in the Parmenides
577 Right action and the ideally virtuous agent
578 On an alleged paradox in liberalism
579 Understanding the notion of necessity
580 Truth tracking and the closure principle
581 The significance of philosophical scepticism
582 Free will incompatible with determinism and indeterminism
583 Perception and the limits of human knowledge
584 Determinism vs fatalism, and truths about the past
585 Interactionist dualism versus epiphenomenalism
586 How Descartes puts the case for doubt in 1st Meditation
587 How satisfactory is Spinoza’s concept of human freedom?
588 Spinoza’s claim that the one substance is infinite
589 Is personal identity dispensable? / ethics and sociobiology
590 The soul and our knowledge of non-human animals
591 Fatalism and determinism; theories of perception
592 Can two objects be in the same place at the same time?
593 Descartes’ case for doubt in the first Meditation
594 McTaggart’s proof of the unreality of time
595 Nature of philosophy and the theories of the Milesians
596 David Hume on the idea of causation
597 Donnellan on referential and attributive descriptions
598 ‘Inside’ and ‘outside’ the mind – Descartes’ case for dualism
599 Role of causes and effects in scientific explanatione
600 Arguing against the amoralist
601 Deflationist view of the predicate ‘true’
602 Untangling the concept of truth
603 Constructive empiricism vs realism in philosophy of physics
604 Is moral relativism a coherent view?
605 Is it rational to fear death?
606 Does Plato’s ideal of love downgrade persons?
607 Michael Dummett on anti-realist theories of meaning
608 Socrates’ claim that virtue is knowledge
609 Deflationist view of the role of the truth predicate
610 Is knowledge a form of justified true belief?
611 Strawson’s claim that Cartesian souls cannot be individuated
612 Marx’s claim that profit equals exploitation of the proletariat
613 Deflationism and the role of the truth predicate
614 Anaxagoras: all things have a portion of everything
615 Heraclitus’ principle of the unity of opposites
616 Zeno’s paradoxes of motion
617 Are possible worlds really real?
618 Divine hiddenness and revelation
619 Descartes’ case for doubt in the First Meditation
620 Essays on Santa Claus, proper names, and truth
621 Parmenides’ argument for the proposition, ‘It is’
622 Hume on the nature of miracles
623 Hume and Feagin on why we enjoy tragedy
624 Mind-body problem and the refutation of solipsism
625 What is the best account of proper names?
626 Role of God in Berkeley’s idealism
627 Xenophanes on the limits of human knowledge
628 Challenge of egocentric subjectivism
629 Descartes: ‘I am a thing that thinks’
630 Is Platonic love essentially self-centered?
631 Plato’s slave boy experiment in the Meno
632 Russell, Strawson and Donnellan on reference
633 Essays on Descartes and Locke
634 Possible worlds and the definition of necessity
635 Can you know that you are not a brain in a vat?
636 Epistemology and Descartes’ methodological doubt
637 Parmenides’ case against plurality
638 Feagin vs. Hume on why we are moved by tragedy
639 Plato’s Republic and the tripartite theory of the soul
640 Descartes’ argument for doubt in the First Meditatio
641 Descartes’ proof of God in the Third Meditation
642 Is Heraclitus inconsistent in claiming opposites are one?
643 Reference: between subjectivity and objectivity
644 What does Descartes’ Cogito establish exactly?
645 Refutation of solipsism as a basis for ethics
646 Locke’s derivation of the idea of private property
647 Rosenzweig: from the fear of death to redemption
648 Mind-body problem: the missing ingredient
649 Proto-scientific thought in ancient Miletus
650 Gorgias ‘On What Is Not’
651 In what sense was Parmenides a monist?
652 The significance of philosophical scepticism
653 Difficulties for a materialist view of the mind
654 The validity of philosophy as a science
655 Hume on the notion of cause, and essays on logic
656 Truth as a property of a statement
657 Kant’s categorical imperative as a test for maxims
658 What is Plato’s concept of knowledge?
659 Milesians as philosophers and Xenophanes on knowledge
660 Descartes on perceiving beeswax and the case for doubt
661 Hume and Feagin on the tragic response
662 Personal identity and body duplication
663 Locke’s attack on the theory of innate ideas
664 Parmenides as monist, nature of logical constants
665 Parmenides: why we cannot follow the path of ‘It is not’
666 Locke on abstraction and the nature of ideas
667 Do Rawls’ two principles of justice contradict one another?
668 Kant on treating persons as ends in themselves
669 Heraclitus on the unity of opposites
670 Proper names and ‘Sherlock Holmes does not exist’
671 The concept of duty in Kant’s moral philosophy
672 Heraclitus’ principle of the unity of opposites
673 Descriptions and modality, justification of deduction
674 Strawson’s critique of Descartes view of the self
675 Role of the ‘good will’ in Kant’s moral theory
676 Plato’s argument from opposites for existence of the soul
677 Space and time: substantivalism vs relationism
678 Anaxagoras’ response to Parmenides
679 The importance of Heraclitus’ theory of flux
680 Why be moral?
681 Essays on Russell’s theory of descriptions
682 Can God commit suicide?
683 Solipsism as a logical cul-de-sac
684 Does knowledge require existence of self-justifying beliefs?
685 Problem of evil: logical and evidential versions
686 Hume and Kant on causality – an undue scepticism?
687 Should possibility be analysed in terms of possible worlds?
688 Hume’s claim that justice is an artificial virtue
689 Is Heraclitus inconsistent in claiming that opposites are true
690 On what modes of existence there are
691 Mill’s view that arithmetical knowledge is empirical
692 Hume on the problem of personal identity
693 Case for doubt in Descartes First Meditation
694 Deciding how much others count: slippery slope argument
695 Hume’s claim that reason is the slave of the passions
696 Assessing Descartes’ arguments for God’s existence
697 Parmenides: what is not cannot be thought
698 Xenophanes and the nature of the one God
699 Paley and the fine tuning argument for God’s existence
700 Carl Hempel’s paradox of the ravens
701 How space poses a problem for philosophy
702 Do some persons have more free will than others?
703 What leads Descartes to posit an evil demon?
704 Leibniz’s claim that this is the best possible world
705 Kant on belief in God, Rousseau on the General Will
706 Aristotle on slavery, Plato on individual and state
707 Necessity, possibility and possible worlds
708 Is any justification of deduction circular?
709 Justified true belief without knowledge
710 Porphyry against the sacrifice and eating of animals
711 Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities
712 Stoics on eternal recurrence, Epicurus on sensations
713 Russell on ‘The baby has been sick all day’
714 Parmenides on the nature of reality
715 ‘Liberalism is beset by a paradox at its core’
716 Counterexamples to knowledge as justified true belief
717 On the methods and subject matter of metaphysics
718 Are moral assertions merely expressions of emotions?
719 Distinction between laws and accidental generalizations
720 Berkeley on primary qualities and the existence of God
721 Vague statements and the law of excluded middle
722 Locke’s theory of ideas
723 Problem of free will and God’s omniscience
724 Kant on the relation between freedom and morality
725 Significance of Russell’s Paradox for the philosophy of mathematics
726 Why Aristotle distinguishes four causes
727 Does anti-realism violate the reality principle?
728 Aristotle on primary and secondary substances
729 Locke’s distinction between primary and secondary qualities
730 Kant’s explanation of why it is wrong to tell a lie
731 Is Descartes guilty of circular reasoning?
732 Direct realism as a theory of perception
733 David Hume’s account of causation
734 Locke’s attack on innate ideas and knowledge
735 Are moral assertions merely expressions of emotion?
736 Does epistemological justification come to an end?
737 Husserl’s account of intentional experience
738 Significance of the paradox of the heap
739 Locke’s arguments against innate ideas
740 What is Plato’s concept of knowledge?
741 Private language argument and the objective standpoint
742 Naive Metaphysics and point of view
743 The third man argument in Plato’s ‘Parmenides’
744 Can you know you are not a brain in a vat?
745 Hallucination and disjunctive theories of perceptione
746 Self-predication in Plato’s theory of forms
747 Can one meaningfully say that Zeus does not exist?
748 On the veil of perception problem
749 Atoms and voids 2500 years ago
750 Hallucination and the disjunctive analysis of perception
751 Counterfactual analysis of causal connection
752 Explaining possibility by means of possible worlds
753 Locke’s argument against innate knowledge and principles
754 Free will, determinism and the justification for punishment
755 Knowledge, belief, rationality and truth
756 G.E. Moore’s argument against hedonism
757 Ontological status of events
758 Rationality and mechanisms of belief formation
759 Disjunctive analysis of perception
760 Varieties of social and political opposition
761 Metaphysics of identity and constitution
762 Mind-body problem and the definition of identity
763 Hume’s argument against the self/ soul
764 Does Anaxagoras have a good response to Parmenides?
765 David Hume’s account of causation
766 Is a belief formed by a reliable mechanism justified?
767 The case for self-justifying beliefs in epistemology
768 Does J.S. Mill have a coherent conception of happiness?
769 Must epistemic justification come to an end?
770 In what sense is it true to say that Pegasus is a winged horse?
771 Is there an experiential difference between seeing and hallucinating
772 Proper names and the nature of self-reference
773 Kant’s refutation of idealism in Critique of Pure Reason 2nd edition
774 Logic and the principle of excluded middle
775 Knowing what one believes as inner perception
776 Socrates’ slave boy experiment in Plato’s Meno
777 Coherence theory of knowledge
778 Why be moral?
779 Analysing ordinary talk of the will
780 Laws of nature vs. accidental generalizations
781 Meaning of ‘Zeus was a Greek god’
782 Reducing truths about the past to present tense facts
783 Objections to Berkeley’s theory of immaterial substance
784 Role of Plato’s Form of the Good
785 Death anxiety and existentialism
786 Anaximander’s theory of the ‘Apeiron’
787 J.S. Mill on pleasure and happiness
788 Parmenides’ case for the proposition ‘It is’
789 Philosophical considerations on the practice of dissent
790 What it means to state that Zeus does not exist
791 McTaggart’s proof of the unreality of time
792 Proper names as rigid designators
793 Bayes theorem and the nature of confirmation
794 Possibility of simultaneous and retro causation
795 Kierkegaard’s concept of faith in Fear and Trembling
796 Plato’s tripartite analysis of the soul
797 Descartes’ case for the existence of God
798 Hume on the ‘fiction’ of personal identity
799 Plato’s form of the Good in the Sun, Line and Cave
800 Dialogue between Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes
801 Knowledge, justified true belief and self-justifying beliefs
802 The justification of deductive reasoning
803 Science and the claim that observation is theory is theory laden
804 Hume’s two definitions of causation
805 Hobbes’ concept of the laws of nature
806 Hume’s theory of belief and the role of rationality
807 Berkeley’s attack on abstract ideas
808 Idealism and our common sense view of the world
809 Plato on recollection and Parmenides on plurality
810 Heraclitus on the unity of opposites
811 In what sense is Hume a sceptic about causation?
812 Plato on happiness and justice
813 Paradox of the heap for non-philosophers
814 Goodman’s new riddle of induction
815 Does ‘is true’ specify a genuine property?
816 Milesian primary substance and the river of Heraclitus
817 Fairy tales and the coherence theory of knowledge
818 J.S. Mill’s utilitarian theory of justice
819 Science and inference to the best explanation
820 Philosophical considerations on qualia
821 Knowing that I have hands
822 Bad faith: Sartre vs Freud
823 Why be moral?
824 An alternative to conceptual platonism and psychologism
825 Aristotle on virtue and four types of moral character
826 Kierkegaard on suffering and guilt
827 Existentialism and the human condition revisited
828 Why does language matter to philosophy?
829 A metaphysical basis for Aristotle’s ethics
830 Essays on Nozick and the free market
831 Essay on John Rawls
832 Existentialism and the human condition
833 Xenophanes on human knowledge and its limits
834 Berkeley’s immaterialism and the reality principle
835 Descartes’ case for doubt in Meditation 1
836 Belief that I have hands and Locke on simple ideas
837 Aristotle’s account of substance in Metaphysics Z
838 Aristotle on man as a political animal
839 Plato’s arguments for immortality
840 Knowledge, reliability and justification
841 Socrates’ claim that virtue is knowledge
842 Does Heraclitus deny the law of non-contradiction?
843 Aristotle on the unmoved mover
844 Strawson: impossibility of individuating Cartesian soul
845 Kant on the relationship between freedom and morality
846 How idealist is Kant’s transcendental idealism?
847 How satisfactory is Spinoza’s account of freedom?
848 Does Heraclitus deny the principle of non-contradiction?
849 Kant on synthetic a priori principles
850 What would be a genuine moral dilemma?
851 Hume and Anscombe on causation
852 Scientist, priest and philosopher discuss the soul
853 Spinoza on human freedom
854 Spinoza on the relation between mind and body
855 Bernard Williams on political equality
856 Abstract vs concrete, possible vs actual objects
857 Dialogue on the nature of the soul
858 Spinoza on the relation between mind and body
859 Plato on the relation between objects and forms
860 Portraying the negative and painful
861 Why should others count in my deliberations?
862 Descartes’ proof of the existence of material objects
863 Putting the case for idealism
864 Protagoras: Man is the measure of all things
865 Descartes’ case for doubt in Meditation 1
866 Essays on Aristotle’s mean and on universals
867 Kant on the arguments for God’s existence
868 Aristotle on the connection between virtue and happiness
869 The first philosophers and the nature of philosophy
870 What is to participate in a Platonic form?
871 Accounting for the truth of ‘Santa Claus does not exist’
872 The justification of inductive reasoning
873 Refutation of egocentric subjectivism
874 Could a computer that thinks also will?
875 Berkeley’s immaterialism and the attack on abstract ideas
876 Leibniz on necessary and contingent truths
877 Philosophical significance of the paradox of the heap
878 Zeno’s paradoxes and the nature of motion
879 Locke on primary and secondary qualities
880 Examining our naive ideas about the soul
881 Leibniz’s Law and opaque contexts
882 Fairy tales and the coherence theory of knowledge
883 Hempel on the symmetry of explanation and prediction
884 Kant’s refutation of idealism
885 Personal identity and exchanging bodies
886 How thorough is Descartes’ case for doubt?
887 Parmenides on the unthinkability of ‘what is not’
888 Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God
889 Role of laws in scientific explanations
890 What did Dr Johnson prove when he kicked the stone?
891 Five essays on the philosophy of language
892 Hume on reason and morality
893 A-series and B-series accounts of time
894 Qualia and Wittgenstein’s private language argument
895 Hobbes on laws of nature and the state of nature
896 Do universals genuinely exist?
897 Berkeley’s case against abstract ideas
898 Aristotle on virtue and happiness
899 Are events universals, particulars, or neither?
900 Locke on personal identity
901 The refutation of solipsism
902 What is a law of nature?
903 Criteria of identity for persons and for human beings
904 Plato’s arguments for the immortality of the soul
905 Hobbes’ idea of a state of nature
906 J.S. Mill on utilitarianism and justice
907 Hume’s account of the self vs Cartesian dualism
908 Kant on our knowledge of arithmetic and geometry
909 Fairy tales and the coherentist account of knowledge
910 Hume and scepticism about causation
911 Truth value of ‘Santa Claus does not exist’
912 Philosophy of science and the demarcation problem
913 Foundations of ethics and the limits of philosophy
914 Leibniz: this is the best of all possible worlds
915 Problems for a materialist view of the mind
916 Ethical truth and ethical dialogue
917 Metaphysics of vague objects
918 Personal identity and survival
919 Kuhn and the demarcation problem
920 Mill on justice and the principle of utility
921 Plato on justice and the nature of the soul
922 The justification of induction
923 Rawls on justice and the veil of ignorance
924 Descartes’ case for doubt in the First Meditation
925 Kant on freedom and morality
926 Locke’s case against innate ideas and principles
927 Perceptual realism and the argument from hallucination
928 Ontology and the necessity for universals
929 Ethics, liberalism and tolerance
930 Hume on passions as source of morality
931 Berkeley’s immaterialism and human action
932 Kant on freedom and lying
933 Mind-body problem: interactionism vs epiphenomenalism
934 Plato’s theory of recollection and innate knowledge
935 Theory of descriptions: Strawson vs Russell
936 Why be moral?
937 Essays on identity and events
938 Moral dilemmas and Mill’s greatest happiness principle
939 Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God
940 Why should others count in my deliberations?
941 Berkeley, Leibniz and common sense materialism
942 Stages of doubt in Descartes’ 1st Meditation
943 Nozick on redistributive taxation and forced labour
944 Can we give a non-circular justification of deduction?
945 Egoism and Aristotle’s view of happiness
946 Inference to the best explanation
947 Hume’s account of our belief in external objects
948 In what sense was Parmenides a monist?
949 Mill’s proof of the utility principle
950 What is a law of nature?
951 In what sense if any is ethics objective?
952 Why are philosophers interested in qualia?
953 Can you know that you’re not dreaming?
954 Are possible worlds really ‘real’?
955 Locke’s account of simple ideas
956 Rawls’ distinction between political and comprehensive liberalism
957 Personal identity and the body duplication hypothesis
958 Can intentionality be naturalized?
959 Moral facts and moral properties as secondary qualities
960 Spinoza’s view of mind as the idea of the human body
961 Nietzsche and existentialism
962 The philosophical significance of zombies
963 Socrates on doing wrong knowingly (revisited)
964 The essential mark of the mental
965 Temporal becoming and the B-series view of time
966 Socrates on doing wrong knowingly
967 Heidegger on Dasein and authenticity
968 What is an intentional object?
969 Truth vs empirical adequacy in a scientific theory
970 The idealism of Bishop Berkeley
971 Why be moral?
972 On possibility and possible worlds
973 Hume and Feagin on the puzzle of tragedy
974 Personal identity and body-duplication
975 Jean-Paul Sartre: ‘Hell is other people’
976 Holocaust denial and anti-realism about truth
977 Dreaming and scepticism and knowledge as justified true belief
978 Karl Popper’s response to Hume
979 Are possible worlds really ‘real’?
980 Can truth be defined?
981 Functionalism vs behaviourism as theories of the mental
982 Hempel’s paradox of the ravens
983 Why Aristotle needs his four causes
984 Mind-body problem and the nature of philosophy
985 Wittgenstein on solipsism
986 Grice on conversational implicature
987 What is a law of nature?
988 Determinism and the justification of punishment
989 Causation and the explanation of human action
990 Heraclitus, Aristotle and the problem of change
991 Solving Goodman’s new riddle of induction
992 Aristotle’s account of substantial change
993 Scepticism, consciousness and moral theory
994 Are there moral facts? (revisited)
995 Intentionality: Frege and twin-earth cases
996 Zeno’s paradoxes of motion
997 Evaluating Descartes’ method of doubt
998 Descartes’ argument for the mind-body distinction
999 Truth and knowledge, personal identity
1000 Can you know that you are not dreaming?
1001 Kuhn on the structure of scientific revolutions
1002 Milesian theories of the primary substance
1003 Justification of induction and Leibniz on free will
1004 Milesian philosophy of physical explanation
1005 Donald Davidson on radical interpretation
1006 Plato’s proofs of the existence of a soul in the Phaedo
1007 Aristotle’s case for a prime mover
1008 Knowledge and belief in Plato’s Republic
1009 David Lewis, equivalent worlds and knowledge